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Instructions for Actors

  by William Shakespeare (from Hamlet, 1603)
     
HAMLET :  Speak the speech, I pray you, as I pronounced it to you, 
trippingly on the tongue: but if you mouth it, as many of your players do, 
I had as lief the town-crier spoke my lines. Nor do not saw the air too much 
with your hand, thus, but use all gently; for in the very torrent, tempest, 
and, as I may say, the whirlwind of passion, you must acquire and beget
a temperance that may give it smoothness. O, it offends me to the soul to hear 
a robustious periwig-pated fellow tear a passion to tatters, to very rags, 
to split the ears of the groundlings, who for the most part are capable of nothing 
but inexplicable dumbshows and noise: I would have such a fellow whipped 
for o'erdoing Termagant; it out-herods Herod: pray you, avoid it.

First Player:  I warrant your honour.

HAMLET: Be not too tame neither, but let your own discretion be your tutor: 
suit the action to the word, the word to the action; with this special o'erstep not
the modesty of nature: for any thing so overdone is from the purpose of 
playing, whose end, both at the first and now, was and is, to hold, as 'twere, the
mirror up to nature; to show virtue her own feature, scorn her own image, 
and the very age and body of the time his form and pressure. Now this overdone,
or come tardy off, though it make the unskilful laugh, cannot but make the 
judicious grieve; the censure of the which one must in your allowance o'erweigh
 a whole theatre of others. O, there be players that I have seen play, and heard 
others praise, and that highly, not to speak it profanely, that, neither having the 
accent of Christians nor the gait of Christian, pagan, nor man, have so strutted 
and bellowed that I have thought some of nature's journeymen had made men 
and not made them well, they imitated humanity so abominably.

First Player: I hope we have reformed that indifferently with us, sir.

HAMLET: O, reform it altogether. And let those that play your clowns speak 
no more than is set down for them; for there be of them that will themselves 
laugh, to set on some quantity of barren spectators to laugh too; though, 
in the mean time, some necessary question of the play be then to be considered:
that's villanous, and shows a most pitiful ambition in the fool that uses it. 
Go, make you ready.

 
     
 
 
     

       
 
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